Global Luxury Plumbing Fixtures Market Size, Share & Demand Report By Product Type (Luxury Faucets, Luxury Showers, Luxury Bathtubs, Luxury Toilets & Bidets, Luxury Bathroom Accessories), By Material (Brass-Based, Stainless Steel, Ceramic & Porcelain, Composite & Engineered Materials, Premium Coated Alloys), By Technology (Conventional, Smart & Sensor-Based, Water-Efficient), By End-Use (Residential, Commercial, Institutional), By Installation Type & Distribution Channel Forecasts, 2025–2030

Report Code: RI2070PUB
Last Updated : December, 2025
Author : Harper Lewis

Table of Contents

  1. Executive Summary
    1. Introduction
  2. Market Introduction
    1. Market Definition
    2. Scope of the Study
    3. Market Structure
  3. Research Methodology
    1. Primary Research
    2. Research Methodology
    3. Assumptions & Exclusions
    4. Secondary Data Sources
  4. Market Factor Analysis
    1. Value Chain Analysis: Luxury Plumbing Fixtures Market
    2. Porters Five Forces Analysis
      1. Bargaining Power of Suppliers
      2. Bargaining Power of Buyers
      3. Threat of Substitution
      4. Threat of New Entrants
      5. Competitive Rivalry
  5. Market Dynamics
    1. Drivers
    2. Restraints
    3. Opportunities
  6. Recent Trends Analysis
  7. Impact of COVID-19 on Luxury Plumbing Fixtures Market
    1. Pre and Post Covid -19 Market Scenario Analysis
    2. Market Recovery Timeline and Challenge
    3. Measures Taken by Top Players
  8. Regulatory Landscape
  9. Luxury Plumbing Fixtures Market, By Product Type
    1. Introduction
      1. Market Size and Forecast, By Product Type
    2. Luxury Faucets
      1. Market Size and Forecast, By Region
    3. Luxury Showers
      1. Market Size and Forecast, By Region
    4. Luxury Bathtubs
      1. Market Size and Forecast, By Region
    5. Luxury Toilets & Bidets
      1. Market Size and Forecast, By Region
    6. Luxury Bathroom Accessories
      1. Market Size and Forecast, By Region
  10. Luxury Plumbing Fixtures Market, By Material
    1. Introduction
      1. Market Size and Forecast, By Material
    2. Brass-Based Fixtures
      1. Market Size and Forecast, By Region
    3. Stainless Steel Fixtures
      1. Market Size and Forecast, By Region
    4. Ceramic & Porcelain Fixtures
      1. Market Size and Forecast, By Region
    5. Composite & Engineered Materials
      1. Market Size and Forecast, By Region
    6. Premium Coated Alloys (PVD, Chrome, Gold Finish)
      1. Market Size and Forecast, By Region
  11. Luxury Plumbing Fixtures Market, By Technology
    1. Introduction
      1. Market Size and Forecast, By Technology
    2. Conventional Luxury Fixtures
      1. Market Size and Forecast, By Region
    3. Smart & Sensor-Based Fixtures
      1. Market Size and Forecast, By Region
    4. Water-Efficient & Eco-Luxury Fixtures
      1. Market Size and Forecast, By Region
  12. Luxury Plumbing Fixtures Market, By End-Use
    1. Introduction
      1. Market Size and Forecast, By End-Use
    2. Residential 
      1. Market Size and Forecast, By Region
    3. Commercial 
      1. Market Size and Forecast, By Region
    4. Institutional 
      1. Market Size and Forecast, By Region
  13. Luxury Plumbing Fixtures Market, By Distribution Channel
    1. Introduction
      1. Market Size and Forecast, By Distribution Channel
    2. Direct OEM Sales
      1. Market Size and Forecast, By Region
    3. Exclusive Brand Showrooms
      1. Market Size and Forecast, By Region
    4. Specialty Retail Stores
      1. Market Size and Forecast, By Region
    5. Online Luxury Platforms
      1. Market Size and Forecast, By Region
  14. Regional Overview
    1. Introduction
      1. Market Size and Forecast
    2. North America
      1. Market Size and Forecast
        1. By Product Type
          1. Luxury Faucets
            1. Luxury Showers
              1. Luxury Bathtubs
                1. Luxury Toilets & Bidets
                  1. Luxury Bathroom Accessories
                  2. By Material
                    1. Brass-Based Fixtures
                      1. Stainless Steel Fixtures
                        1. Ceramic & Porcelain Fixtures
                          1. Composite & Engineered Materials
                            1. Premium Coated Alloys (PVD, Chrome, Gold Finish)
                            2. By Technology
                              1. Conventional Luxury Fixtures
                                1. Smart & Sensor-Based Fixtures
                                  1. Water-Efficient & Eco-Luxury Fixtures
                                  2. By End-Use
                                    1. Residential 
                                      1. Commercial 
                                        1. Institutional 
                                        2. By Distribution Channel
                                          1. Direct OEM Sales
                                            1. Exclusive Brand Showrooms
                                              1. Specialty Retail Stores
                                                1. Online Luxury Platforms
                                              2. U.S.
                                                1. By Product Type
                                                  1. Luxury Faucets
                                                    1. Luxury Showers
                                                      1. Luxury Bathtubs
                                                        1. Luxury Toilets & Bidets
                                                          1. Luxury Bathroom Accessories
                                                          2. By Material
                                                            1. Brass-Based Fixtures
                                                              1. Stainless Steel Fixtures
                                                                1. Ceramic & Porcelain Fixtures
                                                                  1. Composite & Engineered Materials
                                                                    1. Premium Coated Alloys (PVD, Chrome, Gold Finish)
                                                                    2. By Technology
                                                                      1. Conventional Luxury Fixtures
                                                                        1. Smart & Sensor-Based Fixtures
                                                                          1. Water-Efficient & Eco-Luxury Fixtures
                                                                          2. By End-Use
                                                                            1. Residential 
                                                                              1. Commercial 
                                                                                1. Institutional 
                                                                                2. By Distribution Channel
                                                                                  1. Direct OEM Sales
                                                                                    1. Exclusive Brand Showrooms
                                                                                      1. Specialty Retail Stores
                                                                                        1. Online Luxury Platforms
                                                                                      2. Canada
                                                                                    2. Europe
                                                                                      1. Market Size and Forecast
                                                                                        1. By Product Type
                                                                                          1. Luxury Faucets
                                                                                            1. Luxury Showers
                                                                                              1. Luxury Bathtubs
                                                                                                1. Luxury Toilets & Bidets
                                                                                                  1. Luxury Bathroom Accessories
                                                                                                  2. By Material
                                                                                                    1. Brass-Based Fixtures
                                                                                                      1. Stainless Steel Fixtures
                                                                                                        1. Ceramic & Porcelain Fixtures
                                                                                                          1. Composite & Engineered Materials
                                                                                                            1. Premium Coated Alloys (PVD, Chrome, Gold Finish)
                                                                                                            2. By Technology
                                                                                                              1. Conventional Luxury Fixtures
                                                                                                                1. Smart & Sensor-Based Fixtures
                                                                                                                  1. Water-Efficient & Eco-Luxury Fixtures
                                                                                                                  2. By End-Use
                                                                                                                    1. Residential 
                                                                                                                      1. Commercial 
                                                                                                                        1. Institutional 
                                                                                                                        2. By Distribution Channel
                                                                                                                          1. Direct OEM Sales
                                                                                                                            1. Exclusive Brand Showrooms
                                                                                                                              1. Specialty Retail Stores
                                                                                                                                1. Online Luxury Platforms
                                                                                                                              2. U.K.
                                                                                                                                1. By Product Type
                                                                                                                                  1. Luxury Faucets
                                                                                                                                    1. Luxury Showers
                                                                                                                                      1. Luxury Bathtubs
                                                                                                                                        1. Luxury Toilets & Bidets
                                                                                                                                          1. Luxury Bathroom Accessories
                                                                                                                                          2. By Material
                                                                                                                                            1. Brass-Based Fixtures
                                                                                                                                              1. Stainless Steel Fixtures
                                                                                                                                                1. Ceramic & Porcelain Fixtures
                                                                                                                                                  1. Composite & Engineered Materials
                                                                                                                                                    1. Premium Coated Alloys (PVD, Chrome, Gold Finish)
                                                                                                                                                    2. By Technology
                                                                                                                                                      1. Conventional Luxury Fixtures
                                                                                                                                                        1. Smart & Sensor-Based Fixtures
                                                                                                                                                          1. Water-Efficient & Eco-Luxury Fixtures
                                                                                                                                                          2. By End-Use
                                                                                                                                                            1. Residential 
                                                                                                                                                              1. Commercial 
                                                                                                                                                                1. Institutional 
                                                                                                                                                                2. By Distribution Channel
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Direct OEM Sales
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Exclusive Brand Showrooms
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Specialty Retail Stores
                                                                                                                                                                        1. Online Luxury Platforms
                                                                                                                                                                      2. Germany
                                                                                                                                                                      3. France
                                                                                                                                                                      4. Spain
                                                                                                                                                                      5. Italy
                                                                                                                                                                      6. Russia
                                                                                                                                                                      7. Nordic
                                                                                                                                                                      8. Benelux
                                                                                                                                                                      9. Rest of Europe
                                                                                                                                                                    2. APAC
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Market Size and Forecast
                                                                                                                                                                        1. By Product Type
                                                                                                                                                                          1. Luxury Faucets
                                                                                                                                                                            1. Luxury Showers
                                                                                                                                                                              1. Luxury Bathtubs
                                                                                                                                                                                1. Luxury Toilets & Bidets
                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Luxury Bathroom Accessories
                                                                                                                                                                                  2. By Material
                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Brass-Based Fixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Stainless Steel Fixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Ceramic & Porcelain Fixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Composite & Engineered Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Premium Coated Alloys (PVD, Chrome, Gold Finish)
                                                                                                                                                                                            2. By Technology
                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Conventional Luxury Fixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Smart & Sensor-Based Fixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Water-Efficient & Eco-Luxury Fixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. By End-Use
                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Residential 
                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Commercial 
                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Institutional 
                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. By Distribution Channel
                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Direct OEM Sales
                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Exclusive Brand Showrooms
                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Specialty Retail Stores
                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Online Luxury Platforms
                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. China
                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. By Product Type
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Luxury Faucets
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Luxury Showers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Luxury Bathtubs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Luxury Toilets & Bidets
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Luxury Bathroom Accessories
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. By Material
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Brass-Based Fixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Stainless Steel Fixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Ceramic & Porcelain Fixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Composite & Engineered Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Premium Coated Alloys (PVD, Chrome, Gold Finish)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. By Technology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Conventional Luxury Fixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Smart & Sensor-Based Fixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Water-Efficient & Eco-Luxury Fixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. By End-Use
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Residential 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Commercial 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Institutional 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. By Distribution Channel
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Direct OEM Sales
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Exclusive Brand Showrooms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Specialty Retail Stores
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Online Luxury Platforms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Korea
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      3. Japan
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      4. India
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      5. Australia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      6. Singapore
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      7. Taiwan
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      8. South East Asia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      9. Rest of Asia-Pacific
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Middle East and Africa
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Market Size and Forecast
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. By Product Type
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Luxury Faucets
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Luxury Showers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Luxury Bathtubs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Luxury Toilets & Bidets
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Luxury Bathroom Accessories
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. By Material
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Brass-Based Fixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Stainless Steel Fixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Ceramic & Porcelain Fixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Composite & Engineered Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Premium Coated Alloys (PVD, Chrome, Gold Finish)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. By Technology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Conventional Luxury Fixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Smart & Sensor-Based Fixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Water-Efficient & Eco-Luxury Fixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. By End-Use
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Residential 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Commercial 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Institutional 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. By Distribution Channel
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Direct OEM Sales
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Exclusive Brand Showrooms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Specialty Retail Stores
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Online Luxury Platforms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. UAE
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. By Product Type
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Luxury Faucets
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Luxury Showers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Luxury Bathtubs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Luxury Toilets & Bidets
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Luxury Bathroom Accessories
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. By Material
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Brass-Based Fixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Stainless Steel Fixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Ceramic & Porcelain Fixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Composite & Engineered Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Premium Coated Alloys (PVD, Chrome, Gold Finish)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. By Technology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Conventional Luxury Fixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Smart & Sensor-Based Fixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Water-Efficient & Eco-Luxury Fixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. By End-Use
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Residential 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Commercial 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Institutional 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. By Distribution Channel
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Direct OEM Sales
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Exclusive Brand Showrooms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Specialty Retail Stores
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Online Luxury Platforms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Turky
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      3. Saudi Arabia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      4. South Africa
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      5. Egypt
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      6. Nigeria
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      7. Rest of MEA
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. LATAM
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Market Size and Forecast
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. By Product Type
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Luxury Faucets
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Luxury Showers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Luxury Bathtubs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Luxury Toilets & Bidets
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Luxury Bathroom Accessories
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. By Material
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Brass-Based Fixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Stainless Steel Fixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Ceramic & Porcelain Fixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Composite & Engineered Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Premium Coated Alloys (PVD, Chrome, Gold Finish)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. By Technology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Conventional Luxury Fixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Smart & Sensor-Based Fixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Water-Efficient & Eco-Luxury Fixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. By End-Use
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Residential 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Commercial 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Institutional 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. By Distribution Channel
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Direct OEM Sales
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Exclusive Brand Showrooms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Specialty Retail Stores
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Online Luxury Platforms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Brazil
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. By Product Type
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Luxury Faucets
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Luxury Showers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Luxury Bathtubs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Luxury Toilets & Bidets
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Luxury Bathroom Accessories
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. By Material
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Brass-Based Fixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Stainless Steel Fixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Ceramic & Porcelain Fixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Composite & Engineered Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Premium Coated Alloys (PVD, Chrome, Gold Finish)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. By Technology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Conventional Luxury Fixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Smart & Sensor-Based Fixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Water-Efficient & Eco-Luxury Fixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. By End-Use
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Residential 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Commercial 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Institutional 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. By Distribution Channel
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Direct OEM Sales
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Exclusive Brand Showrooms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Specialty Retail Stores
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Online Luxury Platforms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Mexico
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      3. Argentina
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      4. Chile
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      5. Colombia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      6. Rest of LATAM
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Competitive Landscape, 2024
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Introduction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Luxury Plumbing Fixtures Market Share Analysis, 2024 (%)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Market Share Analysis, 2024
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Competition Ranking, 2024
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      3. Key Developments & Growth Strategies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Merger & Acquisition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Product Launch
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        3. Expansion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      4. Consolidated SWOT Analysis of Key Players
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  3. Company Profile
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. LIXIL Group
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Business Overview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Financial Data
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      3. Key Product domains
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      4. Recent Developments
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Kohler Co.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    3. Geberit AG
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    4. TOTO Ltd.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    5. Hansgrohe Group
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    6. Roca Group
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    7. Villeroy & Boch
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    8. Duravit AG
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    9. GROHE AG
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    10. Jaquar Group